J. Immunol. Brouwer, M. C. et al. Efficacy and safety of 5-day versus 10-day ceftriaxone regimens were compared in a multi-country randomized study involving 1,004 children with bacterial meningitis156. & van de Beek, D. Genetic variation and cerebrospinal fluid levels of mannose binding lectin in pneumococcal meningitis patients. However, PCR assays are now available for both serogrouping and serotyping, and are used for surveillance and vaccine evaluation128. Most case-patients were male (83.2%), the median age was 35 years, and 10.0% had one or more comorbidities. Commun. PubMed Central  van de Beek, D. Progress and challenges in bacterial meningitis. 364, 2016–2025 (2011). 67, 385–390 (2013). 5). Article  279, 36426–36432 (2004). However, no conclusive evidence supports this treatment option and such aggressive strategies might be more harmful than beneficial168. Wkly Rep. 64, 944–947 (2015). Infektionsepidemiologisches Jahrbuch meldepflichtiger Krankheiten. Chrispin Chaguza, Marie Yang, … Stephen D. Bentley, Yuan Li, Benjamin J. Metcalf, … Bernard W. Beall, Brenda A. Kwambana-Adams, Rahab C. Amaza, … Martin Antonio, Chrispin Chaguza, Dorota Jamrozy, … Stephen D. Bentley, John A. Lees, Bart Ferwerda, … Diederik van de Beek, Annelies Müller, Diana B. Schramm, … Lucy Jane Hathaway, Heikki Peltola, Irmeli Roine, … Tuula Pelkonen, Julian Justin Gabor, Chu Xuan Anh, … Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Nature Reviews Disease Primers 2, 721–736 (2002). Koopmans, M. M. et al. Psychiatry 78, 1092–1096 (2007). Hier kann es nach durchgemachter Infektion zu erneuten Ausbrüchen kommen, da sich das zugrunde liegende Virus im Körper verstecken kann. Cortical plaques also stimulate the opening of the inter-endothelial junctions, which allows N. meningitidis to migrate to the CSF by slipping through adjacent cells (a paracellular route)64. Effect of vaccine use on meningitis rates. Dis. Lancet Infect. The exact mechanisms why bacterial bloodstream infections occur in some individuals but not in others are unclear, but seem to depend on a complex interplay between environmental factors (for example, prior influenza virus infection, smoking or alcohol abuse) and genetic factors of the host and pathogen29,34. Their interaction with surface-bound or intracellular PRRs that are expressed by immunocompetent cells can trigger the host immune response (Fig. Proc. Streptococcus suis, an important cause of adult bacterial meningitis in northern Vietnam. Although rarely fatal, this strain is commonly associated with bilateral permanent deafness. 371, 447–456 (2014). Kasanmoentalib, E. S., Brouwer, M. C. & van de Beek, D. Update on bacterial meningitis: epidemiology, trials and genetic association studies. Streptococcus pneumoniae arginine synthesis genes promote growth and virulence in pneumococcal meningitis. Activation of the complement cascade. PLoS ONE 4, e5973 (2009). Parent du Châtelet, I. et al. These interactions result in the activation of the enzyme caspase 1 (Casp1), which catalyses the conversion of the pro-form of IL-1 family cytokines into the active molecule, and of transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which in turn regulates the production of diverse pro-inflammatory factors (including neutrophil chemokines CXC-chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1), CXCL2 and CXCL5 and the anaphylatoxin C5a). Dis. N. meningitidis strains with reduced susceptibility to penicillin have been associated with increased risk of poor disease outcome in children with meningococcal meningitis152. Deutsches Institut für Medizinische Dokumentation und Information (DIMDI): ICD-10-GM Version 2022. Molyneux, E. M. et al. Patients with bacterial meningitis often show signs of coexisting systemic compromise (that is, meningococcal or pneumococcal sepsis)1, which is associated with poor disease outcome. The presence of sialic acid on human cell surfaces is essential for complement regulator fH-mediated protection against self-attack by complement. 5, 298–302 (1999). All leading aetiologies are spread by human-to-human transmission, except for L. monocytogenes22,33, which is food-borne8. The meningitis belt is a sub-Saharan African region that has experienced recurring large epidemics of meningococcal meningitis for over a century. Clin. & Wong, J. G. The rational clinical examination. Early reports on serogroup A disease control in the meningitis belt (Fig. Lancet 379, 617–624 (2012). 15, 1334–1346 (2015). Proc. The molecular and cellular events underlying colonization and epithelial invasion have been reviewed in detail elsewhere34–37. Infect. Bacterial meningitis is difficult to diagnose, as many illnesses share its symptoms. Similar to E. coli, group B streptococci also have evolved mechanisms that facilitate survival within phagocytic cells. Clinical prediction rule for identifying children with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis at very low risk of bacterial meningitis. The outbreaks took place in the pre-vaccine period of the pandemic. Once the causative pathogen and its specific antimicrobial susceptibility have been determined, the antibiotic therapy must be optimized for targeted treatment (Fig. In the case of S. pneumoniae, bacterial neuraminidase A (NanA) can also promote adherence and invasion through its laminin G-like lectin domain204. Chem. 58, 6484–6489 (2014). Pediatr. The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, available since 1983, is more often recommended for adults, although the 13-valent conjugate vaccine is now also licensed for adults and recommended routinely for adults ≥65 years of age in the United States135. 59, 1216–1221 (2014). Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for individuals who have had close contact with patients with meningococcal meningitis or bacteraemia (for example, household members) immediately after exposure109,143. Sanders, M. S., van Well, G. T., Ouburg, S., Morre, S. A. J. Immunol. Nat. Fowler, M. I., Weller, R. O., Heckels, J. E. & Christodoulides, M. Different meningitis-causing bacteria induce distinct inflammatory responses on interaction with cells of the human meninges. Exome array analysis of susceptibility to pneumococcal meningitis. Schuchat, A. et al. J. The polysaccharide capsules of N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, group B streptococci and E. coli are anti-phagocytic and act as inert shields, inhibiting surface deposition of opsonins, especially complement factors46,47 (Fig. Similarly, mouse microglial cells can release toxic nitrogen species as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines upon exposure to Ply38. Google Scholar. & van de Beek, D. Bacterial meningitis in patients with HIV: a population-based prospective study. Infect. Besonders wichtig ist es, eine bakterielle Meningitis schnell zu erkennen und zu behandeln. Epidemics were usually caused by serogroup A N. meningitidis, but a vaccination programme, initiated in 2010, against this bacterium has reduced its incidence14. Blood–brain barrier invasion by group B Streptococcus depends upon proper cell-surface anchoring of lipoteichoic acid. Mitja, O. et al. Empirical antibiotic therapy should be bactericidal and achieve adequate CSF levels. The efficacy of immunochromatographic antigen testing in CSF was assessed in large studies in children with suspected acute bacterial meningitis130. Zoons, E. et al. Confirmation of host genetic determinants in the CFH region and susceptibility to meningococcal disease in a Central European study sample. Virale Gehirn- oder Hirnhautentzündungen sind insgesamt häufiger als bakterielle. 21, 417–425 (2015). The result was a 95% reduction in the number of cases of invasive Hib infections during 1991-1994 compared with 1985-1990. Human l-ficolin, a recognition molecule of the lectin activation pathway of complement, activates complement by binding to pneumolysin, the major toxin of Streptococcus pneumoniae. & Quagliarello, V. J. Agents Chemother. 39, 1553–1558 (2001). 101, 91–95 (2016). Survivors of bacterial meningitis are at high risk of cognitive impairment (reduced processing speed)175, which can be observed in approximately one-third of patients who have had pneumococcal or meningococcal meningitis177. Induced hypothermia in severe bacterial meningitis: a randomized clinical trial. Doctors rely on multiple tests to diagnose meningitis, and the combination of test results and clinical characteristics indicates which further investigations will be appropriate. 18, 849–855 (2012). Cerebral vasculature is the major target of oxidative protein alterations in bacterial meningitis. Mittal, R., Krishnan, S., Gonzalez-Gomez, I. This work is a collaborative project from the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group for Infectious Diseases of the Brain (ESGIB). The 10-valent and 13-valent formulations both include an antigen that targets serotype 1, a frequent cause of meningitis in many low-income and middle-income countries18. Outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis have occurred among college students, participants in the annual Muslim pilgrimage of Hajj and recently in the United States among men who have sex with men31. 15, 870–881 (2013). Acta Paediatr. Penicillin resistance is also associated with decreased susceptibility to other antibiotics. Use of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines in adolescents and young adults: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2015. Bonten, M. J. et al. 2, 462 (2011). CSF examination is essential to confirm or rule out bacterial meningitis and to identify other non-bacterial CNS infections or inflammatory neurological diseases included in the differential diagnosis. An ill wind, bringing meningitis. Group B streptococci possess many virulence factors that can promote bacterial interaction with the brain endothelium, including lipoteichoic acid, β-haemolysin, serine-rich repeat proteins and hypervirulent group B streptococcus adhesin laminin-binding protein (LMB), bacterial surface adhesin of group B streptococcus (BsaB), streptococcal fibronectin-binding protein A (SfbA) and the pilus tip protein PilA. Clin. In addition, a recent autopsy study uncovered mild-to-moderate hippocampal apoptosis in 26 out of 37 (70%) cases96. J. Roed, C. et al. However, because preliminary imaging delays treatment and can worsen outcomes, physicians must select who needs it and who can immediately and safely undergo lumbar puncture2. Hasbun, R. et al. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 187, 5440–5451 (2011). The utility of universal admission testing has been questioned due to limited resources, care delays, and sparse data showing it cuts hospital infections. Cells of the arachnoid mater and pia mater are also capable of producing and releasing a vast variety of pro-inflammatory factors upon exposure to N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae and E. coli K1 (Ref. Hirninfektionen durch Viren haben eine etwas bessere Prognose. 26, 1076–1085 (2013). Eine Meningitis führt fast immer zu (hohem) Fieber. AWMF-Leitlinie Nr. Yaro, S. et al. Adriani, K. S. et al. PAFR activation has also been proposed to cause an upregulation of the polyimmunoglobulin receptor and CD31 on endothelial cells; the two receptors jointly facilitate the crossing of S. pneumoniae across the blood–CSF barrier (not shown)206. These types of studies require large numbers of patients, so joined efforts among research groups and countries should be sought; afterward, genetic, functional and experimental validation will be needed to distinguish real from spurious results. At 24 months, the severity of health impairment declined, with 10.4% reporting mild, 3.9% moderate, and 1.9% severe impairment. 68, 542–547 (2014). Gehirnentzündungen (Enzephalitiden) sind meist viral bedingt. The authors declare no competing interests. Dein Körper hat eine unglaublich Infektion überstanden ! Ali, Y. M. et al. Importance Bacterial meningitis is a worldwide health problem, with incidence rates ranging from approximately 0.9 per 100 000 individuals per year in high-income countries to 80 per 100 000 individuals per year in low-income countries. Clin. 52, 475–480 (2011). van Veen, K. E., Brouwer, M. C., van der Ende, A. Some national immunization policies recommend pneumococcal vaccines for adults who are at higher risk of pneumococcal infection because of older age or immunocompromising or chronic medical conditions such as sickle cell disease133. Schneider, O., Michel, U., Zysk, G., Dubuis, O. Blood cultures and blood tests should be performed immediately143. 145. Nigrovic, L. E., Kuppermann, N., McAdam, A. J. Blocking the complement cascade seems to be the most promising strategy91. A review on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of pneumococcal meningitis. NLRs are likely to be required to achieve maximum inflammation against S. pneumoniae, as NOD2-deficient mice exhibited substantially lower levels of inflammatory mediators in the brain than wild-type mice following intracerebral S. pneumoniae administration38,81. 27, 21–47 (2014). Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges and subarachnoid space that can also involve the brain cortex and parenchyma. Moreover, in patients with bacterial meningitis, the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the CSF are related to complications and unfavourable disease outcomes86. Moreover, treatment of infected, wild-type (that is, complement sufficient) mice with anti-C5 antibodies and an antibiotic 24 hours after infection was protective against meningitis-induced brain damage, presumably through its anti-inflammatory action88. 165, 713–717 (2002). Who Should Get Vaccinated Meningitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1986: report of a multistate surveillance study. Adjusted models showed that the risk of a SUD-related acute-care visit did not differ among the three periods. N. Engl. 16, 979–983 (1997). Bacterial meningitis in the United States, 1998–2007. ); Mechanisms/pathophysiology (U.K.); Diagnosis, screening and prevention (M.B. Thus, because CSF examination is not definitive, if bacterial meningitis is suspected, antimicrobial therapy should be started immediately and maintained until CSF culture results are negative8. & Nau, R. Clinical outcome in pneumococcal meningitis correlates with CSF lipoteichoic acid concentrations. Lancet 380, 1693–1702 (2012). Infect. Antimicrob. Koedel, U., Klein, M. & Pfister, H. W. New understandings on the pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis. An analysis of the predictive value of initial observations. Immunogenicity and tolerability of recombinant serogroup B meningococcal vaccine administered with or without routine infant vaccinations according to different immunization schedules: a randomized controlled trial. Liu, X., Chauhan, V. S., Young, A. Luaces Cubells, C., Garcia Garcia, J. J., Roca Martinez, J. Dis. Hallo, ich denke nicht, dass die von Ihnen beschriebenen Symptome auf die lange zurückliegende Meningitis zurückzuführen sind. Ecgp96 also forms complexes with TLR2 and type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1AR)67,68. Sanders, M. S. et al. JAMA 307, 573–582 (2012). 20, 725–731 (2014). Owens, T., Bechmann, I. J. Immunol. Croucher, N. J. et al. Nat. WHOhttp://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs378/en/ (accessed 30 March 2016). Manche Betroffene leiden an Meningitis-Symptomen, aber keinen genitalen Symptomen. PubMed PMID: 27808261. Multiple COVID-19 infections were predictive of developing long COVID. Bernard, S. C. et al. Owen, E. P. et al. Med. However, the physician first needs to verify whether the lumbar puncture is safe for the patient. PLoS ONE 8, e82583 (2013). Davila, S. et al. Clin. Updated guidelines from the WHO specify when mass vaccination campaigns should be ordered to fight epidemic meningitis in Africa142: when the number of suspected meningitis cases has reached five in a week or has doubled over a 3-week period in a population of <30,000 people, or when the number has reached ten in a week in populations of 30,000–100,000 people, mass vaccination should then start as soon as possible and within 4 weeks. 48, 587–594 (2009). Clinical evaluation of complement-blocking therapies should be facilitated by the pharmaceutical industry. Pilze Parasiten Allerdings treten in diesem Zusammenhang besonders virale Infektionen in den Vordergrund. McNeela, E. A. et al. Dazu zählen Neugeborene, Kleinkinder, ältere Menschen sowie Personen mit einer Immunschwäche. Infect. Detrimental role of delayed antibiotic administration and penicillin-nonsusceptible strains in adult intensive care unit patients with pneumococcal meningitis: the PNEUMOREA prospective multicenter study. Microbiol. Another death has been reported in the fungal meningitis outbreak linked to spinal anesthesia in people from the United States who underwent in a The latest fatality brings the total fatality count to three, according to an update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 23, 467–492 (2010). van de Beek, D., de Gans, J., McIntyre, P. & Prasad, K. Steroids in adults with acute bacterial meningitis: a systematic review. Typical CSF and serum characteristics that are assessed in the diagnosis of bacterial, viral and tuberculous meningitis are provided in Table 2. J. Med. 2 Similar . 360, 244–256 (2009). 24, 307–315 (2016). Meningococcal A conjugate vaccine: updated guidance, February 2015. Lucas, M. J., Brouwer, M. C., van der Ende, A. Dunstan, S. J. et al. Introduction. PubMed  Complement component 5 contributes to poor disease outcome in humans and mice with pneumococcal meningitis. JAMA 309, 1714–1721 (2013). 89, 580–586 (2014). 51, 319–329 (2002). 030-089. Bis zur endgültigen Diagnose wird jede infektiöse Hirnentzündung wie eine bakterielle Meningitis mit Antibiotika behandelt. Infect. By contrast, PspA can reduce C-reactive protein-mediated, complement factor C1q-dependent classical pathway of complement activation203. Hib vaccines have been demonstrated to be very effective and devoid of severe adverse effects, and are now routinely used in childhood vaccination programmes in 192 countries4. Roberts, L. Infectious disease. PubMed Central  Indeed, high pneumococcal cell wall concentrations have been associated with functional clinical outcomes, as determined by the Glasgow Outcome Scale, in patients with pneumococcal meningitis80. ); Outlook (D.v.d.B. Lindvall, P. et al. Meningeal irritation manifests at physical examination as neck stiffness, the Kernig sign (painful knee extension after flexing the thigh with the hip and knee at 90° angles) and the Brudzinski sign (reactive hip and knee flexure when the neck is flexed)108. Iron is essential for bacterial physiological processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, metabolism and energy generation55. 13, 358 (2013). N. Engl. Die Impfungen sollten im Alter von 2, 4 und 11 Monaten erfolgen. 51, 917–924 (2010). Laminin receptor initiates bacterial contact with the blood brain barrier in experimental meningitis models. 030 - 141, Stand 2019. Penicillin resistance among S. pneumoniae strains has been increasing worldwide, changing the initial therapy of patients with bacterial meningitis in several parts of the world143. Orihuela, C. J. et al. Die Entzündung der Hirnhäute kann ebenfalls zu Krampfanfällen, Hautausschlägen, Gesichtslähmung, Sprachstörungen, Sehstörungen und Hörminderung führen. Thus, international networks on clinical research in neurological infectious diseases, using uniform diagnostic and enrolment criteria and research standards, need to be established. Exp. 7, 156–164 (2006). 14, 857–877 (2015). These studies should include a standard treatment arm that consists of antibiotics plus dexamethasone (the current standard treatment strategy) and should be designed to detect a relevant clinical outcome, which is convincing enough to justify a clinical trial. 167, 4644–4650 (2001). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature Reviews Disease Primers (Nat Rev Dis Primers) Bacterial meningitis is in part a preventable disease, as vaccines are available against the most common causative pathogens4 (Table 3). Diese sog. Thus, surveillance studies will also need to evaluate the effects of different bacterial genotypes on the clinical outcome191. Ohne die richtige Behandlung führt eine bakterielle Meningitis fast immer zum Tod. Vaccination policy and advocacy. Med. Johswich, K. O. et al. Mortal. Dis. 73, 18–27 (2016). Trotz verbesserter antimikrobieller Therapie führt bakterielle Meningitis immer noch zu Hirnschaden, welcher bei einer grossen Anzahl der Überlebenden bleibende neurologische und . Grandgirard, D., Steiner, O., Tauber, M. G. & Leib, S. L. An infant mouse model of brain damage in pneumococcal meningitis. Bakterielle Erreger lösen häufig Entzündungen der Hirnhäute aus. Google Scholar. Meningococcal vaccine campaigns are used to control disease outbreaks. Association of serotype with risk of death due to pneumococcal pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Meningitis: Symptome. The vital functions of the patient should be evaluated and weighted with the degree of suspicion for bacterial meningitis. Of 185 people from the United States who underwent procedures at the clinics, 14 suspected cases have been . With respect to S. pneumoniae, the seminal studies involved the injection of pneumococcal cell wall components into the CSF of laboratory animals to provoke clinical signs of meningitis78,79. Dis. Hib vaccination has been highly successful because one capsular serotype (Hib) is responsible for the majority of disease and the infection mainly affects children <5 years of age. Pneumococcal vaccines WHO position paper — 2012 — recommendations. ); Management (R.H., D.v.d.B. Infect. Role of caspase-1 in experimental pneumococcal meningitis: evidence from pharmacologic caspase inhibition and caspase-1-deficient mice. Tissot, F., Prod'hom, G., Manuel, O. Bacterial induction of Snail1 contributes to blood–brain barrier disruption. 206, 1845–1852 (2009). You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. All authors listed are in alphabetical order except for D.v.d.B. Die Hirnhautentzündung (Meningitis) kann auch auf das Hirn übergreifen - und so eine Meningoenzephalitis entstehen lassen. Other pathogens. Stand 17.09.2021; letzter Zugriff 23.03.2022. Infect. Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges and subarachnoid space that can also involve the brain cortex and parenchyma owing to the close anatomical relationship between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain (Fig. Google Scholar. Lancet 367, 397–403 (2006). Patients with bacterial meningitis should be admitted to an intensive care unit, where the patient's consciousness and the development of complications, such as brain infarctions, hydrocephalus and seizures, can be closely watched2. J. Infect. Brouwer, M. C. et al. Infect. 4). Hoegen, T. et al. Diese sind meist neurologischer Natur, betreffen also das Nervensystem. In one prospective cohort study, 3% of patients with bacterial meningitis had a score of 3 on the Glasgow Coma Scale (that is, totally unresponsive)174, and although such low levels of consciousness are commonly associated with high morbidity and mortality, as many as 20% of these patients will make a full recovery174, stressing the need for continued supportive care. As a result, bacterial fragments can accumulate within the CSF. Slow initial β-lactam infusion and oral paracetamol to treat childhood bacterial meningitis: a randomised, controlled trial. Inflammasome activation mediates inflammation and outcome in humans and mice with pneumococcal meningitis. Eine überstandene Gehirn- oder Hirnhautentzündung hinterlässt leider oft bleibende Schäden, die die tägliche Lebensführung in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß einschränken. Fitch, M. T. & van de Beek, D. Drug insight: steroids in CNS infectious diseases — new indications for an old therapy. Commun. Clin. Loh, E. et al. Tazi, A. et al. Mook-Kanamori, B. Effect of a serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine (PsA-TT) on serogroup A meningococcal meningitis and carriage in Chad: a community study [corrected]. Dis. Hearing impairment after childhood bacterial meningitis dependent on etiology in Luanda, Angola. Thus, treatment with caspase inhibitors might rescue only a fraction of the stressed hippocampal neurons. N. meningitidis can directly bind to factor H (fH), which is the main regulator of alternative complement activation, through surface molecules, including fH-binding protein (fHbp), neisserial surface protein A (NspA) and porin B38,50. Seit neuestem ist auch ein Impfstoff gegen Gruppe-B-Meningokokken für Personen ab 2 Monaten auf dem Markt. Randomized controlled trials are crucial to establish efficacy, safety and treatment modalities of new drugs against bacterial meningitis199. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles PubMed PMID: 26362566 PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6491272. Braun, J. S. et al. Siglec-5 and Siglec-14 are polymorphic paired receptors that modulate neutrophil and amnion signaling responses to group B Streptococcus. Microbiol. In pig-farming countries in Asia, Streptococcus suis (group R haemolytic streptococcus) is the most common cause of meningitis25. Per definition, bacterial meningitis is an infection of the CSF-filled subarachnoid space. Sie beginnt abrupt, führt zu einer schnellen Verschlechterung der Gesundheit und endet unbehandelt tödlich. J. Clin. Global incidence of serogroup B invasive meningococcal disease: a systematic review. This interaction promotes the dissociation of β-catenin from the endothelial tight junctions, which increases endothelial permeability. Infect. Serotype-specific changes in invasive pneumococcal disease after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction: a pooled analysis of multiple surveillance sites. 33, 969–975 (2001). Hier könnte es sein, dass du Störungen wie Lähmungen hast. 39, 866–871 (2013). Incidence rates of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in high-income areas (such as Europe, the United States and Australia) are 1–3 per 100,000 population per year4. Symptome: Grippeähnliche Beschwerden und steifer Nacken. Of note, the effect of anti-C5 antibodies in bacterial meningitis other than pneumococcal meningitis is unclear and needs to be carefully evaluated before considering their use in patients. Infect. Dis. Die Meningokokken-Meningitis kann mit kleinen punktförmigen bis größeren Blutungen in der Haut einhergehen (siehe Bild). Diagnosis of adult tuberculous meningitis by use of clinical and laboratory features. 7, 92–99 (2001). Dis. In addition to LR, the immunoglobulin superfamily member CD147 is a crucial host receptor for the primary attachment of N. meningitidis. Occasionally, CT scanning can provide important direction for treatment. Wippel, C. et al. Listerien haben in der Schwangerschaft eine besondere Bedeutung. Kamiya, H. et al. Vuong, J. et al. Cell. Nat. 8, 974–983 (2006). In a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis, C5a deficiency was associated with a drastic reduction in CSF pleocytosis and brain cytokine production88. Onmeda.de steht für hochwertige, unabhängige Inhalte und Informationen rund um die Themen Gesundheit und Medizin. Infect. & van de Beek, D. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults with cancer or a history of cancer. Saez-Llorens, X. Meningococcus hijacks a β2-adrenoceptor/β-arrestin pathway to cross brain microvasculature endothelium. Zu den bekannten Folgen zählen ein Hörverlust und. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 influences cerebrovascular complications and death in pneumococcal meningitis. Meningitis (Hirnhautentzündung) und Enzephalitis sind seltene, aber ernste Infektionen des Gehirns, die im Krankenhaus behandelt werden müssen. Neurocrit. Vaccination of high-risk individuals (for example, those with asplenia or complement deficiency) is common, but universal vaccination policies vary between countries. 151, 535–540 (1985). In low-income countries, bacterial meningitis has a mortality rate of up to 54%. Worsoe, L., Caye-Thomasen, P., Brandt, C. T., Thomsen, J. Long-term sequelae include hearing deficits (7-19%), epilepsy (4-7%), mental retardation (10-15%), neuropsychological deficits, behaviour problems, severe (2-10%) and subtle motor abnormalities, cranial nerve paresis (2-7%), visual impairment (2-4%) and hydrocephalus (1 . Meningitis Spätfolgen müssen nicht auftreten und viele Patient:innen erholen sich nach einer durchgemachten Hirnhautentzündung vollständig. [No authors listed.] Oftmals liegt eine Tröpfcheninfektion zugrunde. MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration. Lancet 380, 1684–1692 (2012). 184, 45–52 (2007). & van de Beek, D. Hydrocephalus in adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis.
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